Isingeniso
I Ice ithimba lenethiwekhi lihlose ukusebenzisa ukusabalalisa, isici esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe be-blockchain, ukuze kusungulwe i-ecosystem enikeza inani elikhulu labantu ngabanye amandla okwenza izinqumo futhi babe nezwi ekubuseni kwesistimu.
Inhloso bekuwukwakha inkundla enokulingana nentando yeningi, engalawulwa inhlangano eyodwa noma iqembu labantu ngabanye.
Ngokusebenzisa ukunikezwa kwamandla, ithimba lifune ukudala isistimu esobala kakhudlwana, evikelekile, futhi emelana nokucwaninga, kuyilapho iphromotha ukunwetshwa kwezindawo, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, kanye nokubandakanywa.
Izinhlelo zokubusa bezilokhu zikhathaza kakhulu abantu kuwo wonke umlando. Uma sihlola imodeli yamaGreki Asendulo yentando yeningi yase-Athene ekhulwini lesi-5 BC, sibona uhlelo lwentando yeningi eqondile lapho amalungu omphakathi abambe iqhaza ngokuqondile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngokuphikisana nokuvotela imithetho.
Njengoba izindawo zamadolobha ziguqukela ekubeni izifunda ezinkulu ezinabantu abaningi, intando yeningi eqondile yathathelwa indawo umbuso wentando yeningi omele abantu, okuwuhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.
Yize lolu hlelo lungaphelele futhi kwesinye isikhathi lungahlukunyezwa noma lusetshenziswe, kuseyiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yokuphakamisa intando yabaningi.
Iqhaza Labaqinisekisi
Abaqinisekisi badlala indima ebalulekile ekubuseni nasekusebenzeni kwe Ice inethiwekhi. Babophezelekile kulokhu:
- Ukwenza amabhlogo amasha ku-blockchain: Abaqinisekisi baqinisekisa ukuthengiselana futhi bangeze ku-blockchain ngendlela yamabhulokhi amasha, baqinisekisa ubuqotho benethiwekhi.
- Ukugcina ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi: Abaqinisekisi babamba inani elithile le Ice izinhlamvu zemali njengesibambiso ukukhombisa ukuzibophezela kwabo kunethiwekhi nokunqanda ukuziphatha okunonya.
- Ukubamba iqhaza ekuthathweni kwezinqumo: Abaqinisekisi bayakwazi ukuphakamisa futhi bavotele iziphakamiso zokushintsha izici ezihlukahlukene zenethiwekhi. Baphinde babhekane nezijeziso, njenge slashing ezigxotsheni zabo Ice , uma bephula imithetho yenethiwekhi, njengokusayina kabili noma ukuphakamisa amabhulokhi angekho emthethweni.
Sekukonke, abaqinisekisi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni nasekuhlukaniseni izindawo Ice inethiwekhi, kanye nasenqubweni yokuthatha izinqumo ezakha isiqondiso senethiwekhi.
Amandla okuqinisekisa asekelwe kumaphesenti yenani lezinhlamvu zemali ezinesiteki elijutshwe kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho noma umsebenzisi esevele ethumele izinhlamvu zemali zakhe kumqinisekisi, usenayo inketho yokuvota kwakhe ngokuqondile ezinqumweni ezithile. Lokhu kungaholela ekutheni amandla okuqinisekisa ehliswe ngokusekelwe enanini lezinhlamvu zemali ezinesiteki isithunywa esisiphethe.
Ukukhetha kanye Nokukhethwa kabusha Abaqinisekisi
Inqubo yokukhetha kanye nokukhetha kabusha abaqinisekisayo ku Ice inethiwekhi yakhelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokwabiwa kwenethiwekhi ngenkathi iphromotha ukubandakanywa nokuhlukahluka.
Ekuqaleni, ngesikhathi kwethulwa i-mainnet, i- Ice inethiwekhi izoba neziqinisekisi ezifika ku-350, ngenhloso yokwandisa le nombolo ibe yi-1000 phakathi neminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i- Ice Ithimba lenethiwekhi lizokwazi ukukhetha iziqinisekisi ezengeziwe eziyi-100 kuqoqo le-1000 ngokusekelwe emandleni amaphrojekthi abo okufaka inani emphakathini futhi anikeze usizo Ice uhlamvu lwemali ngama-dApp, izivumelwano, noma amasevisi abawathuthukisayo ku- Ice inethiwekhi.
Ekwethulweni kwe-mainnet, abavukuzi abahamba phambili abangama-300 abavela esigabeni soku-1 kanye nomdali we- Ice inethiwekhi izokhethwa ngokuzenzakalelayo njengabaqinisekisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zeziqinisekisi eziyi-100 ezethulwe ngenhla zizokhethwa ngesandla ngabakwa- Ice ithimba lenethiwekhi ku-mainnet.
Iziqinisekiso eziyi-100 ezikhethwe ngesandla yi- Ice ithimba lenethiwekhi libambe isikhundla esihlukile ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Nakuba ukukhetha kwabo kanye nokushintshwa okungase kube khona kulele eqenjini ikakhulukazi, kunesivikelo esibalulekile esikhona. Uma noma yiziphi zalezi ziqinisekisi zithathwa njengezilimaza inethiwekhi nganoma yisiphi isikhundla, umphakathi unamandla okuqalisa ivoti lokususwa kwabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke iziqinisekisi, kungakhathaliseki indlela yazo yokukhetha, zinikezwe igunya lokuletha umbiko womsebenzi owenziwa kabili ngonyaka. Lo mbiko kufanele unikeze imininingwane ngeminikelo yabo, ukusebenzelana, nezinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo zenethiwekhi. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuzibandakanya kwabo kokubili ekuphatheni nasekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi, iqinisekisa ukuthi abaqinisekisayo bahlala bematasa futhi bezibophezele ekukhuleni nasekuphileni kahle kwenethiwekhi.
Abaqinisekisi abakhona kufanele baphinde bakhethwe ngemva kweminyaka emibili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi basabamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulawuleni nasekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi. Abaqinisekisayo abangaphindanga baqokwe bazokhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ohlwini lwabaqinisekisayo, kuyilapho izithunywa zabo kuyodingeka zikhethe esinye isiqinisekisi ezizodlulisela kuye amavoti abo. Azikho izinhlamvu zemali zomqinisekisi noma zomphakathi ezizolahleka ngale nqubo.
Umgomo wale nqubo uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaqinisekisi abamele umphakathi bayaziphendulela futhi banikela ngenkuthalo kunethiwekhi. Iphinde ivumele abaqinisekisi abasha abanemibono nobungoti obuhlukene ukuthi bakhethwe, kugqugquzelwe inqubo yokubusa ehlukahlukene nebandakanyayo.
Ukubusa Ngezenzo
Kwe Ice inethiwekhi, ukubusa kuyinqubo yokuhlanganyela ehilela ukubamba iqhaza kwabaqinisekisayo kanye nomphakathi. Abaqinisekisayo banesibopho sokuxoxisana nokuvotela iziphakamiso okufanele zisetshenziswe kunethiwekhi. Lezi ziphakamiso zingasukela ekushintsheni kuye emazingeni ezilinganiso zekhomishana abaqinisekisi abawatholayo kusukela ezindlekweni ze-block noma imali engenayo yesiteki, kuya ekubuyekezweni kwezivumelwano zenethiwekhi noma ingqalasizinda, ukuya ekwabiweni kwezimali zamaphrojekthi amasha njenge-dApps noma izinsizakalo Ice inethiwekhi.
Noma iyiphi i-dApp ivunyelwe ukusebenza ku- Ice inethiwekhi, kodwa abaqinisekisi banethuba lokuvotela iziphakamiso zoxhaso lwalawa ma-dApp. Abaqinisekisi bazocabangela izinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nobungozi be-dApp, kanye nokuqondanisa kwayo namanani nemigomo ye-dApp. Ice inethiwekhi. Uma isiphakamiso sigunyazwa iningi labaqinisekisi, i-dApp izothola uxhaso ukuze ithuthukiswe.
Sekukonke, inqubo yokubusa ku Ice inethiwekhi yakhelwe ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe Ice , qinisekisa ukuvikeleka nokwahlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kuyilapho kukhuthazwa ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi nokubandakanywa.
Ukusabalalisa Amandla Okuvota ku Ice inethiwekhi
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko esetha i- Ice imodeli yokuphatha yenethiwekhi ngaphandle kwamanye amanethiwekhi iwukunyuswa kokukhethwa kweziqinisekisi eziningi ngabasebenzisi. Ngenkathi amanye amanethiwekhi angavumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe iziqinisekisi eziningi, i Ice inethiwekhi ikhuthaza ngokuqhubekayo le ndlela ngokudinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe okungenani iziqinisekisi ezintathu. Ngokusabalalisa amandla okuvota ngokulinganayo kakhudlwana nokugwema ukunqwabelana kwamandla ezandleni zeziqinisekisi ezimbalwa ezinkulu, Ice inethiwekhi ihlose ukwakha imodeli yokuphatha elinganayo nentando yeningi.
Abasebenzisi futhi banenketho yokuvumela i- Ice inethiwekhi ibanikeze ngokuzenzakalelayo iziqinisekisi. Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babambe iqhaza enqubweni yokuphatha ngaphandle kokucwaninga nokukhetha iziqinisekisi ngokwabo.
Le ndlela ibhekana nenkinga evamile kwamanye amanethiwekhi, lapho inani elincane labaqinisekisi lingakwazi ukulawula iphesenti elikhulu lamandla okuvota futhi libe namandla amakhulu okuthonya phezu kokuqondisa kwenethiwekhi. Ngokuphromotha ukukhethwa kweziqinisekisi eziningi futhi unikeze abasebenzisi inketho yokuvumela Ice ukukhethwa kwesibambo senethiwekhi, i Ice inethiwekhi ihlose ukwakha imodeli yokuphatha elinganayo futhi ebandakanya wonke umuntu.
Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Komphakathi
Ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kuyisici esibalulekile senqubo yokubusa Ice inethiwekhi. Ukwahlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kuncike ekubambeni iqhaza okusebenzayo nasekubandakanyekeni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zabantu ngabanye namaqembu.
Ngokugqugquzela ukuzibandakanya komphakathi, i Ice inethiwekhi ihlose ukwakha imodeli yokuphatha esobala nenentando yeningi esabela ezidingweni kanye nokukhathazeka kohlu olubanzi lwababambe iqhaza. Lokhu akubandakanyi nje iziqinisekisi kuphela, kodwa nabasebenzisi, onjiniyela, namanye amalungu omphakathi angase abe nemininingwane ebalulekile kanye nemibono yokunikela.
Ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi okuphumelelayo kudinga imigudu yokuxhumana evulekile nebandakanya wonke umuntu, kanye nezindlela zokuthola impendulo nokusebenzisana. I Ice ithimba lenethiwekhi lizibophezele ekukhuthazeni isiko lokuxoxisana nokusebenzisana phakathi komphakathi, futhi likhuthaza wonke amalungu ukuthi azibandakanye nenqubo yokubusa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuvota okuqondile, ngokuthumela kwabaqinisekisayo, noma ngokubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni nasezingxoxweni, wonke amalungu Ice umphakathi wenethiwekhi unethuba lokubumba isiqondiso nokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi. Uma umphakathi uhlukahlukene futhi umelele, inethiwekhi izoba namandla futhi iqine ngokwengeziwe.
Izimali Zokuqinisekisa
Ama-Validators ku- Ice inethiwekhi inomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvota eziphakamisweni zokulungisa ikhomishana abayitholayo ezinkokhelweni ze-block noma imali engenayo yesiteki etholwa abasebenzisi abathumelayo. Le khomishini isethwe ngenani lokuqala lika-10% futhi ingashintshashintsha phakathi kuka-5% no-15%. Ngeke ishintshwe ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-3 nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Lapho ushintsho lwekhomishini lugunyazwa ngevoti, kuba isibopho kubo bonke abaqinisekisayo ukuba balandele.
Izimali zokuqinisekisa zisebenza njengendlela yokuthi abaqinisekisi banxeshezelwe ngomsebenzi wabo wokuthuthukisa inethiwekhi, ukukhulisa izinga lokutholwa, ukugcina ukuvikeleka nokuzinza Ice inethiwekhi. Lezi zimali zikhokhwa ngemali ye-block kanye nemali engenayo yesiteki etholwa abasebenzisi abathumelayo, futhi ihlukaniswa phakathi kwabo bonke abaqinisekisi abahlanganyelayo ngokusekelwe esigxotsheni sabo namandla okuvota.
Ngokulungisa izimali zokuqinisekisa ngokuvota eziphakamisweni, abaqinisekisayo bangaqinisekisa ukuthi banxeshezelwa ngendlela efanele ngomsebenzi wabo futhi bangaqhubeka nokufaka isandla ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni Ice inethiwekhi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhono lokulungisa izimali zokuqinisekisa ngenqubo yentando yeningi lisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithakazelo zabo bonke ababambiqhaza, okuhlanganisa abasebenzisi nabaqinisekisi, bayacatshangelwa.
Isiphetho
I Ice imodeli yokuphatha yenethiwekhi yakhelwe ukukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, kanye nokubandakanya. Izici eziyinhloko zale modeli zihlanganisa ukukhuthazwa kokukhethwa kweziqinisekisi eziningi, okusiza ukusabalalisa amandla okuvota ngokulinganayo futhi kugwenywe ukugxiliswa kwamandla ezandleni zeziqinisekisi ezimbalwa ezinkulu. I Ice inethiwekhi iphinde ikhuthaze isiko lokuxoxisana nokusebenzisana phakathi komphakathi, ikhuthaza wonke amalungu ukuthi abambe iqhaza enqubweni yokubusa ngokuvota okuqondile, ukudlulisela kwabaqinisekisayo, noma ukubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni nasezingxoxweni.
Sekukonke, i Ice imodeli yokuphatha yenethiwekhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha nokwabiwa kwenethiwekhi ngenkathi ikhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kanye nokubandakanywa. Lokhu kudala uhlelo olusobala, oluvikelekile, nolumelana nokucwaninga olulingana kakhulu nentando yeningi.